How Do Art and Architecture of the Neolithic Era Reflect Changing Social Concerns
If yous've ever taken an fine art history class or spent time in a fine arts museum, chances are you know a lot nigh the men who "divers" their mediums. As with other subjects, most of what nosotros learn about art history today still centers on white men from Europe and, afterward, the United States. In reality, there are so many more artists of all genders to learn from and appreciate.
Here, we're specifically taking a look at just some of the women who accept had lasting impacts on their art forms. From some of the art earth's most iconic pioneers to its most unsung heroes, these women artists all had a paw — and, in some cases, still have a mitt — in changing the earth of fine art and how nosotros ascertain it.
Laura Wheeler Waring
Laura Wheeler Waring was an creative person and educator who taught at Cheyney University in Pennsylvania for more than than 30 years. After studying the work of painters like Cézanne and Monet while abroad, she returned to the United States, becoming all-time known for her portraits of prominent Black Americans, many of which were painted during the Harlem Renaissance.
Cindy Sherman
Photographer Cindy Sherman was office of the Pictures Generation during the 1980s, and is mayhap most well known for her series of Untitled Film Stills (1977–80) — self-portraits in which Sherman "posed in the guises of diverse generic female film characters, among them, ingénue, working girl, vamp, and solitary housewife" (via MoMA). In this serial, and those that followed, Sherman used photography to question the media's influence over our private and collective identities.
Yoko Ono
You might first recall of Yoko Ono as a musician and activist, but she's also an achieved performance and conceptual artist. Ono was considered a pioneer in the operation fine art movement, earning the nickname the "High Priestess of the Happening".
One of her most revered works, Cut Piece, was a performance she starting time staged in Japan; Ono sat on stage in a squeamish accommodate and placed pair of scissors in front of her, and, in an act of daring vulnerability, invited audience members to come on stage and cutting away pieces of her clothing. "Art is like breathing for me," Ono has said. "If I don't do it, I start to choke."
Betye Saar
Earlier becoming a printmaker and activist, Betye Saar studied design and was employed as a social worker. A printmaking elective inverse her entire career trajectory — and, in plough, part of the trajectory of fine art history.
Saar was function of the Black Arts Movement in the 1970s and, through painting and aggregation, critiqued institutionalized racism and the racist stereotypes white people held toward Blackness Americans. "To me the trick is to seduce the viewer," Saar has said. "If yous tin get the viewer to await at a work of art, so you might be able to requite them some sort of message."
Frida Kahlo
It's rare to find someone who hasn't at least heard of Frida Kahlo. A self-taught painter from Mexico, she is best known for exploring themes like decease and identity through her self-portraits. Kahlo often used bold, bright colors to create her symbol-rich works, and was regarded as 1 of the nigh influential artists of the Surrealist motility.
Yayoi Kusama
Yayoi Kusama started painting at a very young age, merely she's likewise known for her hyper-existent sculptures, polka dots, installations, and so much more. Like many of her peers, Kusama embraced the counterculture of the 1960s, employing nudity in much of her work. Today, she continues to create works for her enduring Mirror/Infinity rooms serial, which utilize mirrors and lit objects to create a sense of endlessness.
Amy Sherald
Amy Sherald is an American painter and portraitist who depicts Blackness Americans, frequently doing everyday activities — something that became more common in portraiture writ big in the mid-19th century. Odds are that you recognize Sherald's work — and her signature grayscale pare tones — as she was the showtime Black adult female to consummate a presidential portrait for the Smithsonian's National Portrait Gallery.
Georgia O'Keeffe
Known as the mother of American modernism, you probable associate Georgia O'Keeffe with her paintings of New Mexico'due south landscapes, flowers, skulls, and, just maybe, the skyscrapers of New York City. In the 1920s, she was the commencement woman painter to gain the respect of the New York fine art world, all by painting in her unique style.
Adrian Piper
Adrian Piper became a pioneering minimalist, feminist, and conceptual artist in 1970s New York Urban center. She used her work to question club, identity, and racial politics by demanding the audience to face truths nigh themselves. She often challenged people on the streets of New York to guess her race, socio-economic class, and gender — all while dressed as a Black man with a simulated mustache and sunglasses, or while wearing compelling statements on her dress.
Shirin Neshat
Shirin Neshat left Iran in 1974 to written report art in Los Angeles, California — earlier the Islamic republic of iran Islamic Revolution took identify. She is best known for her photography, pic, and video work, much of which explores the relationship between Islam'south cultural and religious systems and women. Moreover, Neshat's works often create a sense of solidarity and empowerment.
Jenny Holzer
Equally a neo-conceptual artist, Jenny Holzer's work focuses on words and ideas, which she puts on advertizing billboards, projects onto buildings and adds to electronic displays or neon signs.
These works display phrases that human activity as meditations on various concepts, such as trauma, knowledge, and hope. One of her more notable works, I Smell You On My Skin, makes the viewer question what kind of sentiment the sentence conveys.
Rebecca Belmore
Much of Rebecca Belmore's art addresses identity and history — and, in item, houselessness and the voicelessness of the First Nations People in Canada. As an Anishinaabekwe artist, she works to heighten awareness around the prejudice, violence, and attempted erasure of Indigenous Northward American civilization. In 2005, she was the start Indigenous woman to represent Canada at the Venice Biennale.
Louise Bourgeois
While a prolific printmaker and painter, Louise Bourgeois is better known for her installation art and sculptures — similar the spider above — which were inspired by her own experiences and memories. Throughout her career, she created revolutionary works during a time when abstraction and conceptual art were the main styles shaping the art earth.
Mickalene Thomas
Heavily influenced by pop civilisation and pop art, Mickalene Thomas ofttimes embellishes her paintings with rhinestones and uses colorful acrylic paints. In her work, Thomas centers Black American women, whom she believes embody ability and femininity.
Judy Chicago
Judy Chicago was i of the major figures within the early Feminist Art movement. As exemplified in her iconic work The Dinner Party, her installation pieces often examine the role of women in history and civilisation — in the 1970s and before. While at California Country University in Fresno, Chicago founded the beginning feminist art program in the U.s..
Augusta Vicious
Augusta Cruel was an American sculptor during the Harlem Renaissance who worked toward securing equal rights for Blackness Americans in the arts. In addition to creating breathtaking sculptures, oftentimes of Black folks, Savage founded the Roughshod Studio of Arts and crafts in Harlem in 1932, and, a few years later on, she became the starting time Black American elected to the National Association of Women Painters and Sculptors in 1934.
Carolee Schneemann
Known for her provocative operation art practices, Carolee Schneemann is considered the progenitor of "body art". (Just expect up her nigh famous work, Interior Whorl, and you'll see what nosotros mean.) She used her torso to examine women's sensuality and liberation from the oppressive artful and social conventions established by our patriarchal society.
Nan Goldin
Famous for her in-the-moment photography, Nan Goldin's piece of work challenges traditional power relations. In add-on to documenting New York City'southward queer subculture post-Stonewall, Goldin explored the HIV/AIDS crisis, opioid epidemic, and LGBTQ+ bodies.
Elaine Sturtevant
Does this look similar an Andy Warhol to yous? Well, that'south the idea! Elaine Sturtevant, who went by her concluding name professionally, was a conceptual artist known for her inexact replicas — that is, not-quite-right copies of large-name artists' work.
Some artists and critics encouraged her efforts, while others became quite angry. Nonetheless, Sturtevant used her works to explore the concepts of authorship, originality, and the structure of art civilization.
Ruth Asawa
During the 1960s, Ruth Asawa created increasingly complex wire sculptures. A San Francisco-based artist, Asawa's concluding public commission was the Garden of Remembrance at San Francisco State Academy, which was created to recognize Japanese Americans who were interned during Globe War 2.
Catherine Opie
Known for her studio, portrait, and landscape photography, Catherine Opie has been a lensman since the age of ix. She uses her photography to examine social norms, and, in doing and so, displays various subcultures in formal portraits — just in a way that conveys power and respect by evoking traditional Renaissance portraiture.
micha cárdenas
micha cárdenas is an artist, author, theorist, and assistant professor who won an Affect Award at the Indiecade Festival in 2020 and the Creative Accolade from the Gender Justice League in 2016. She believes education is the path to liberation and uses VR and fine art to accost global problems such as racism, gendered violence, and climate change.
Lee Krasner
Lee Krasner was an Abstruse Expressionist painter who too specialized in collaging. Her works capture a spirit of relentless reinvention, from her Cubist drawings and assemblage to her portraits and murals for the Works Progress Assistants (WPA).
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